The environment, in the Islamic view, is not merely a background for human life; it is a divine trust and blessing for which mankind is responsible. Man is Allah’s vicegerent on earth, as Allah says:
“And (remember) when your Lord said to the angels: ‘Verily, I am going to place mankind generations after generations on earth.’” [Al-Baqarah: 30].
This responsibility implies the construction and preservation of the earth, not corruption or destruction.
The Qur’an made environmental preservation part of faith. Allah says:
“And do not do mischief on the earth, after it has been set in order, and invoke Him with fear and hope. Surely, Allah’s Mercy is (ever) near to the good-doers.” [Al-A‘raf: 56].
Corruption here includes polluting water, destroying forests, and wasting resources—all of which Islam forbids.
Moderation in the use of resources is also emphasized. Allah says:
“And eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not Al-Musrifun (those who waste by extravagance).” [Al-A‘raf: 31].
Thus, even water—though abundant—must not be wasted, for preservation is an act of worship.
The Qur’an reminds mankind of the blessings of nature:
“And cattle He has created for you; from them you derive warmth, and numerous benefits, and of their meat you eat. * And you have a sense of pride and beauty in them as you drive them home in the evening, and as you lead them forth to pasture in the morning.” [An-Nahl: 5-6].
These verses highlight that animals and plants are divine gifts that should be treated with mercy and balance.
Furthermore, Allah commands constructive use of the earth:
“He it is Who has produced you from the earth and settled you therein.” [Hud: 61].
This indicates that man’s mission is to develop, cultivate, and protect the environment.
Cleanliness, too, is a major environmental value in Islam. Purity is considered half of faith, and maintaining cleanliness in both private and public spaces is part of worship.
Thus, Islam presents a comprehensive environmental philosophy based on three principles: stewardship (responsibility), moderation (avoiding waste), and mercy (toward all creation). Protecting the environment is therefore not a secondary matter but an integral part of faith and worship.
